The Price is Wrong: Causes and Consequences of Ethical Restraint of Trade
نویسنده
چکیده
Critics of commodification object to sales but not gifts of some goods, such as human blood or human organs, on grounds that such trade wrongly coerces, morally corrupts, and crowds out altruism. This essay takes issues with each of these claims. It disputes Micheal Sandel’s claim that voluntary exchange coerces, arguing that he confuses what is unfair with what is unfree. It argues, where trade does create moral costs, that these costs should be weighed against the moral costs of trade bans, such as the loss of human life, and the harms endemic to illegal markets. The essay also quarrels with Richard Titmuss’s The Gift Relationship, arguing that compensation for blood need not crowd out blood donation, that compensation does not preclude a charitable impulse, and that some important gift relationship (e.g., philanthropy) posses elements of altruism and exchange. Ceux qui critiquent la marchandisation sont contre la vente mais pas contre le don de certains biens comme le sang ou les organes humains parce qu’un tel commerce exercerait une contrainte, corromprait morallement, et ne laisserait pas de place à l’altruisme. Ce papier traite de chacune de ces affirmations. Il consteste l’affirmation de Micheal Sandel selon laquelle l’échange volontaire exerce une contrainte, en suggérant qu’il confond ce qui injuste avec ce qui n’est pas libre. Si le commerce entraîne des coûts moraux, cet essai suggère que ces coûts devraient être comparés avec les coûts moraux associés aux interdictions de commerce tels que la perte de la vie humaine et ceux associés aux maux endémiques des marchés illégaux. Il critique aussi l’ouvrage de Richard Titmuss, “The Gift Relationship” en suggérant que les compensations monétaires en échange d’un don de sang n’évincent pas nécessairement le don de sang, qu’elles n’empêchent pas les impulsions charitables, et que d’importants actes de don (ex: philantropie) comportent des éléments d’altruisme et d’échange.
منابع مشابه
یارانه ها اختلالهای قیمتی ناکارایی های نهادی ساختاری
Objectives: To implement goal-directed subsidies policy in framework of the its law is being seriously followed by state. Implementing this policy as it has been defined in the law could be a deep surgery of economy with big negative consequences both in demand and supply sides if its theoretical foundation is wrong. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the theoretical sufficiency of Neoclas...
متن کاملیارانه ها اختلالهای قیمتی ناکارایی های نهادی ساختاری
Objectives: To implement goal-directed subsidies policy in framework of the its law is being seriously followed by state. Implementing this policy as it has been defined in the law could be a deep surgery of economy with big negative consequences both in demand and supply sides if its theoretical foundation is wrong. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the theoretical sufficiency of Neoclas...
متن کاملThe Ethical Consequences of the Trade of Drugs and Ergogenic Aids in professional Sport
Background: In spite of the extreme effects of balanced and proportional exercise to the health of the body and soul, professional sport is difference. Professional sports like any job have special problems and ethical challenges. Getting fame, authority, and wealth, especially for those who see their sport and heroine as their only way of success, may push an athlete to abuse drugs and ergo...
متن کاملInternationalization of SMEs and Their Income-Price Effects on Export Market: a Case of the Selected Asian Countries
International trade causes that markets to become more competitive and small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) learn to compete effectively within this increasingly competitive global market place. SMEs are able to take advantage of increased opportunities in domestic markets that follow from international trade. It is indeed a way for internationalization of SMEs. This paper analyzes income and...
متن کاملنقد و ارزیابی وظیفهگرایی
Duty-based or deontological ethics is among much discussed, major schools of thought in philosophy of medical ethics that can provide additional solutions to various ethical challenges in modern medicine. Duty-based ethics generally refers to a set of principles according to which the criteria for determining whether an action is right or wrong is the action itself and its properties, regardles...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005